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The emergence of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China during late 2019 spread quickly and creating international emergency and tremendous challenges for healthcare workers (HCWs) including dental and oral healthcare professionals. The brisk spread of this new viral disease forced HCWs to suffer from different types of stress including mortality and morbidity, delayed patient dealing, scarcity of complete personal protective equipment (PPE), and fear of being COVID-19 virus target and carriers to their family members. The dental and oral HCWs were also advised to apply mobility restrictions and social distancing measures. All of a sudden, most of the regular medical check-ups including dental clinic appointments were cancelled, reducing the number of patients flow. The abrupt cancellation of appointments put a sudden break on medical profession including dental practice. Different scales like progression of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Chinese Health Questionnaire-12 (CHd-12), Davidson Trauma Scale-Chinese (DTS-C), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), Impact of Event Scale (IES), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) etc. have been devised in different countries to assess the overall mental health status. The reports from earlier SARS outbreak in 2007 had also put a psychological impact on HCWs but least has been learned from this out break. The reports from previous Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreaks and early COVID-19 pandemic have a considerable negative impact (short and long-term) on mental status of HCWs. Different types of negative impacts on mental health like depression, anxiety, sleep disorders and distress were reported in HCWs during COVID-19 pandemic. The current COVID-19 pandemic given a broader understanding of how much, how far and how fast an outbreak can occur and affect HCWs psychologically. In this review, authors summarize the impact of COVID-19 pandemic in the psychology of HCWs, as reported from different countries.Copyright © 2022, Anka Publishers. All rights reserved.
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Objective: To determine the effectiveness of online dental education amid COVID-19 pandemic in undergraduate dental students of our institutions. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out from November-December 2020, and included 239 undergraduate students at dental institutes of Sindh, Pakistan. An online questionnaire link was sent to dental students through emails and social media platforms. SPSS 25 was used for data analysis. Result(s): Out of total 239 participants, 101 (42.25%) were from private and 138 (57.74%) from public teaching institutes. Fifty-eight (24.3%) students were in first professional, 36 (15.1%) in second, 22(9.2%) in third and 123 (51.5%) in fourth year BDS. Online platforms for teaching used were Zoom by 133 (55.6%), Google classroom by 54 (22.6%) and Microsoft team by 52 (21.8%) students. Majority, 168 (70.3%) participants believed online teaching was inadequate to train and prepare for actual clinical scenarios. There was a significant difference (p < 0.001) amongst students' perception regarding online teaching motivation, methods, impact, assessment, teacher's competency and feedback evaluation. Conclusion(s): Undergraduate students were facing technical difficulties with online teaching in the region. Although they felt motivated with online teaching, but believed that teachers were not trained for online education. Students reported that online teaching was less intimidating than face to face learning but it is difficult to interact in online lectures. Majority of participants felt that lack of training and physical teaching might affect their future growth of training and preparation for actual clinical scenarios. Copyright © 2022, Pakistan Medical Association. All rights reserved.
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Objective: To find out what oral health issues women face during pregnancy. Study Design: A cross-sectional observational study Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Chiniot General Hospital Korangi Karachi's Dental OPD from November 2019 to July 2020. Materials and Methods: This study was originally intended to involve 150 pregnant women, however owing to the COVID-19 crisis and the closing of dental OPDs, many pregnant women are unable to get dental check-ups and appointments. Thus, 90 individuals' data was gathered, encompassing all phases of pregnancy, and the outcomes of 90 people were analyzed. Each participant gave their informed consent prior to the start of data collection. Results: Seven components were examined during the oral examination. The first was the oral hygiene status, which revealed that 24 women (26.7 percent) had good oral hygiene, whereas 66 women had terrible oral hygiene (73.3 percent). Second, 74 (82.2%) pregnant women had gingival bleeding on probing, which was followed by visible plaque in 77 (85.6%) women, caries activity in 83 (92.2%) women, and extra oral edoema in 14 (15.6%) women. Finally, 78 (86.7%) of the women showed gingival edoema, with 35 (38.9) having localized swelling. Conclusion: The significance of dental care throughout pregnancy, as well as sociodemographic differences in clinical OH during pregnancy, are highlighted in this study, which provides important results for customizing treatments for pregnant women. © 2022 Medical Forum Monthly. All rights reserved.
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to find out how often oral pain is during pregnancy. Study Design: Cross-sectional observational study Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Dental OPD of Chiniot General Hospital Korangi Karachi from Nov 2019 to July 2020 for a period of nine months. Materials and Methods: This study was initially designed to include 150 pregnant females but due to COVID-19 situation and OPDs closure restrict many pregnant females for their dental check-ups and appointments in Dental OPDs. Thus, the data collected of 90 participants including all stages of pregnancy and the analysis was done on the results of 90 participants. Before the commencement of data collection, each participant was given an informed consent. Results: Among the study participants (n=90) who sought dental care, 64 (71.1%) presented with dental pain while 26(28.9%) presented with periodontal symptoms. Conclusion: A high prevalence of dental pain was observed among pregnant women and dental caries was the most specific determinant of the dental pain. © 2021 Medical Forum Monthly. All rights reserved.
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At present, there are no effective treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the therapeutic interventions are limited to supportive care, varying from symptomatic management to critical care support. Corticoids are administered to reduce host inflammatory responses in the lungs. The potential harm and the lack of proven benefit of corticosteroids cautions against their routine administration in COVID-19 patients outside the Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs), with an exception of a concomitant indication, such as a refractory shock. The amplified immune response and Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) are known to cause significant organ damage (lungs), providing a rationale for the use of monoclonal Antibody (mAb). Hyperimmune Immunoglobulins (Igs) from the recovered patients may also assist with improving the immune response and virus clearance. Human Normal Immunoglobulins (HNIGs) can be administered in the early seven to ten days of infection, during peak viremia or in the absence of a primary immune response. Ultimately, a vaccine could provide a potential permanent strategy, creating protective immunity for people and preventing future outbreaks. ©Copyright (c) 2020